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Beneath the Surface

A Dollar Conundrum… Explained

Loading ...Addison Wiggin

June 20, 2024 • 5 minute, 40 second read


A Dollar Conundrum… Explained

“Let me lay to rest the bugaboo of what is called devaluation… If you are among the overwhelming majority of Americans who buy American-made products in America, your dollar will be worth just as much tomorrow as it is today.”
– Richard M. Nixon, 1974.
(Note: The U.S. dollar has lost 86% of its purchasing power since.)


[Special Reminder: In case you missed our recent announcement, The Essential Investor has merged with legacy contributors to Agora Financial. The new, larger, more inclusive project is called The Grey Swan Investment Fraternity. If you’re interested in the scope and benefits of our new endeavor, please see what prompted us to merge here. If you’ve been a member of The Essential Investor, please keep an eye out for your new benefits.]

June 20, 2024— “You hit all the right notes,” reader John W. writes, “and captured the state of things eloquently and convincingly.”

John’s in finance. He’s referring to Andrew Packer’s analysis of the oft (puzzlingly) daft New York Times columnist Paul Krugman yesterday.

John continues:

Wish I could repost it to my Facebook in hopes of waking up at least one person.

The graphic comparing inflation-adjusted net worth…pow!

Inflation is cumulative YES. I go further and say it compounds! If ‘Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world’” then clearly compound inflation is one of the worst things ever!

We reprint John’s response because it also highlights a financial conundrum on display this week.

As a “reserve currency,” the dollar is strong. At 105, the US dollar index, a measure of the dollar’s strength against other fiat currencies, is close to year-long highs last reached in May.

The reason is fairly simple. Since the pandemic, one-third of global reserves have poured into the U.S. stock market … chasing, like everyone else … the Nividia-inspired AI boom in tech and related stocks on Wall Street.

In order to get involved in the rally, foreign capital must be converted to dollars.

As a “payment currency” – the one you and I spend for the stuff we need to live our lives and plan for the future – the flood of U.S. dollars from the government’s deficit spending means that each dollar buys us less.

Most normal people call rising prices “inflation.” You don’t have to be a Nobel Prize-winning economist and New York Times opinion columnist to get it. You just have to buy a steak for your barbecue.

It’s a puzzle, right?

Last week, the World Bank asserted, perhaps even correctly, that the U.S. economy is “exceptional,” carrying the rest of the world. For a very good understanding of why, despite the US government’s best efforts, the US economy remains “exceptional” we refer you to the development economist Hernando’s de Soto’s 2003 masterwork, The Mystery of Capital.

Our real concern is that the U.S. stock market is way overweight Microsoft, Apple and Nvidia. And the AI rally… global rally, mind you… is a monetary aberration attributable to massive government deficit spending.

The same New York Times that publishes Mr. Krugman’s bizarre view of the economy also noted this week that, within 10 years, the U.S. deficit will top $56 trillion.

That’s nearly double its current level … and with interest rates at 5%, it could cost $2 trillion annually to finance.

Massive spending out of what many call “thin air” leads to a less valuable dollar. Each dollar buys less stuff, which is “inflation.” Again, more proof later.

In the meantime, here’s how Josh Hirt, senior analyst for Vanguard, explains the dollar’s strength in the financial markets, while the rest of us bitch about higher prices domestically:

There are three primary reasons the U.S. dollar continues to be the reserve currency of choice globally. One is that the U.S. is a traditionally strong sovereign nation, backed by robust, persistent economic growth. Another is the democratic nature of the U.S. government and its institutions. The international community trusts in the stability of our overarching structures and in the property-rights standards that we maintain. Third is a degree of inertia—the difficulty in changing the structure of global finance revolving around the dollar and U.S. capital markets. Competing nations can boast some of these facets, but the U.S. maintains all three advantages.

Regardless of the alternative nature of most of our “Grey Swan” analysis, it pays to keep an eye on what the big mainstream money managers. Vanguard currently has $7.7 trillion under management. A guy like Hirt might be able to move markets.

Meanwhile, we view the U.S. dollar in its proper context. In a world of fiat currencies, it’s the nicest house on the block. You just pay the price for using it.

However, if that block is a skid row — as fiat currencies, which are designed as a political tool to devalue over time, truly are — then it’s better to find another street.

The dollar isn’t about to collapse, as many burnt-out homes in some parts of Baltimore are. Tomorrow, we follow the breadcrumbs with rogue economist Michael Snyder to discover where the alarmist Petrodollar story began this week.

If anything else, the immediate frenzy online regarding the Saudi decisions to join mBridge, sans US dollar payment, is another indication the paint is definitely peeling on the dollar’s veneer. Watching it peel… is akin to watching the fresh coat, well, dry.

So it goes,


Addison Wiggin
Founder, The Wiggin Sessions




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P.S.: For context, if you’re wondering how we got here…

We’ve spent two decades running our own business, parsing data and talking to money managers, analysts, financial “gurus”, economists and historians. The result of our work is an alternative view of the financial, economic, and political history of the United States from Demise of the Dollar through Financial Reckoning Day and on to Empire of Debt — all three books are available in their third post-pandemic editions.

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Please send your comments, reactions, opprobrium, vitriol and praise to: addison@greyswanfraternity.com


1998, Redux

October 31, 2025 • Addison Wiggin

In his press conference after lowering interest rates a quarter point this week, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell laid out the case that the AI boom was nothing like the dotcom bubble.

There’s just one problem. The market is following the dotcom boom nearly perfectly – with 2025 following closely to 1998.

1998, Redux
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Milei, meanwhile, is doing something different. He’s cutting budgets, trimming employees, and chopping off unnecessary bureaucratic appendages. He’s been in office for a little shy of two years. During that time, he’s reduced inflation by about 90% and cut the budget deficit by 100%. Argentina has climbed out of its almost permanent recession to have the fastest growing economy in the Americas, with GDP growth more than twice that of the US. Real wages have tripled. And poverty has been cut by 40%.

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This One Goes To Twelve

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Donald Trump wrapped his Asia trip with what he called an “amazing” meeting with Xi Jinping at a military base in Busan, South Korea. The two men smiled for cameras, shook hands, and carved out a fragile truce in the ongoing trade war.

On Air Force One, Trump tried to outdo the 80s cult classic mockumentary Spinal Tap, suggesting on the scale of one to the talks were a “12.”

On a practical level, Trump announced that tariffs on Chinese goods linked to fentanyl production would be halved — from 20% to 10% — bringing the overall rate to 47% from 57%.

China, in turn, agreed to a one-year suspension of some rare-earth export controls, though it kept licensing restrictions on seven key minerals used in U.S. manufacturing.

This One Goes To Twelve
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Yesterday’s Fed meeting offered something for everyone.

For bullish investors, the quarter-point rate cut provided a clear signal. And the Fed is just about done with its quantitative tightening.

But for the bears, Powell doused expectations that a December rate cut was 100% on the table.

Powell Cools Talk of December Rate Cut